This hypothesis predicts that strong sexual selection, due to female choice, leads to fixation of most genetic variation in male sexual characters. The higher genetic variability of sexual traits is contrary to the expectations of the lek paradox. In contrast there is no difference in residual variation (environmental and non-additive) or heritability. We show that additive genetic variation is also higher in sexual traits, and often greater than in the same, non-sexually selected trait in females or other comparable traits in the same species. Sexual traits are usually more phenotypically variable than non-sexual traits.
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